Cook the penne pasta according to package instructions. Drain and reserve 0.5 cup of pasta water.
In a large skillet, sauté minced garlic and sun-dried tomatoes in olive oil over medium heat for about 1 minute. Remove the sun-dried tomatoes from the skillet and set aside.
Season the sliced chicken with salt and paprika. Add the chicken to the skillet and cook over medium-high heat until browned and cooked through.
Return the sun-dried tomatoes to the skillet. Pour in the half and half and add the shredded mozzarella cheese.
Bring the mixture to a gentle boil, then reduce the heat to a simmer. Stir continuously until the cheese is completely melted and the sauce is smooth.
Stir in the dried basil and red pepper flakes.
Add the cooked pasta to the skillet and toss to combine, adding a splash of reserved pasta water if the sauce is too thick. Serve immediately.
Notes
If you prefer a thinner sauce, gradually add the reserved pasta water until you reach your desired consistency.